An investigation of predator‐induced defence responses in ciliated protozoa

Predator‐induced defence responses have been reported in 15 species of ciliates representing three subclasses: Hypotrichia, Stichotrichia and Hymenostomia. However, the discovery of this phenomenon in such distantly related groups suggests that it could be more widespread within the Ciliophora. In laboratory experiments, we tested 23 potential prey species with a range of potential predators including other ciliates (12 spp.), amoebae (two spp.), rotifers (two spp.), a turbellarian worm (Stenostomum sphagnetorum), and an oligochaete worm (Chaetogaster sp.). In each experiment, one predator species was incubated for 24?h with one potential prey species and the latter was examined for evidence of a defence response. One new example of predator‐induced morphological change was recorded (Euplotes viridis) and detailed observations were made for one poorly known example (E. eurystomus). Both species significantly increased their width (by about 35% and 23%, respectively) in the presence of the turbellarian worm S. sphagnetorum. An induced life cycle change was recorded for the first time among hypotrichs with E. muscorum exhibiting significantly increased rates of encystation in the presence of the ciliate predators Dileptus anser and Spathidium sp. Finally, Euplotes patella, Euplotes sp. and Stylonychia pustulata, which are usually regarded as omnivorous rather than predatory ciliates, all induced morphological change in Colpidium kleini, the C. kleini cells becoming significantly shorter and wider. No examples of induced defence response were found among groups other than hypotrichs and hymenostomes.     

裴务齐正字本《刊谬补缺切韵》异构字声符的音韵类型及其成因

收集裴务齐正字本《刊谬补缺切韵》中的异构字,其中声符代换的有149组。这些代换声符的声音在隋唐时期可分为两类:音同声符,音近声符。探究声符变化的原因有四点:反映语音演变,方言不同,简省笔画,误用。     

Genetic diversity in the Carabodes marginatus species group (Acarida,Oribatida, Carabodidae) as inferred from allozymes

Ten populations representing four species of the ‘Carabodes marginatus’ group, as C. marginatus, C. affinis, C. quadrangulus and C. montanus from central Italy have been studied for genetic variation at 16 enzymatic loci by electrophoresis. Morphotypes close to C. marginatus but easily distinguishable by the shorter marginal notogastral setae were also included in the analysis to evaluate their systematic status. Carabodes arduinii, a very different species from the ‘coriaceus’ group, was employed as an out-group. Phylogenetic relationships among different species were studied and inferred data demonstrated that cladogenetic events occurred, even though rates of molecular and morphological evolution do not correlate. Morphotypes related to C. marginatus were genetically very close to the type specimens, but a different pattern of allele frequency was observed in sympatric populations of the two setal forms. Possible explanations for this finding are suggested in relation to historical processes. The rate of gene flow among populations of the two morphs was estimated by both Wright's F _st and Slatkin's Nm methods. These two different procedures yielded contradictory results.     

基于植物形态标记的福建常见榕树聚类分析

对福建省30种常见榕属植物的22个性状进行形态聚类分析,结果表明:榕属植物各种之间的平均欧氏距离是5.336 8,欧氏距离最近的是日本匍茎榕和珍珠莲,为1.715 5;硬叶榕和大果榕的欧氏距离最远,为9.770 7.从形态标记聚类图可看出,在纵切线位置(欧氏距离为7.575 1)可将福建省30种常见榕属植物分为6个类群,第1类包括6种榕属植物;第2类包括16种榕属植物;第3类、第5类有3种榕属植物;第4类、第6类只有1种榕属植物.研究结果为福建省榕属植物的分类提供可借鉴的资料.     

一种基于目标贴近度的多目标决策方法

提出了衡量目标方案的一个新指标——目标贴近度 ,并给出了一种基于目标贴近度的多目标决策方法 .     

基于市场法的软件价值类比估计评估模型研究

随着软件行业的高速发展,计算机软件的价值评估受到广泛重视.基于市场法的软件价值类比估计评估模型及其应用,从评估理论出发,联系软件实际特点,构建了类比估计中的具体步骤和相似性度量的具体计算方法.研究表明,构建的计算方法克服了学术论文偏重理论的缺陷,在评估实务中的可操作性、评估结果的客观性方面得到明显改进.因此,本方法为市场法在软件评估中广泛应用奠定了基础.     

一种新的H—CgCr肤色模型的肤色检测方法

提出一种新的H—CgCr肤色模型进行肤色检测，该模型充分利用色调和色度信息区分肤色像素和非肤色像素．并利用形态学操作去除检测出皮肤区域中毛刺、空洞等噪声．实验结果表明该方法在复杂光照条件下能有效检测出肤色区域．     

硫酸二甲酯对毛泡桐丛枝病幼苗植原体及SSR扩增位点的影响

通过形态观察、巢式PCR和SSR分析,研究了不同浓度硫酸二甲酯(DMS)处理对毛泡桐丛枝病幼苗植原体及泡桐DNA的SSR扩增位点变化的影响。结果表明:质量浓度为15 mg/L的硫酸二甲酯处理5 h或质量浓度大于25 mg/L的硫酸二甲酯处理3 h以上仍成活的幼苗其形态上可转变为健康幼苗,但15 mg/L硫酸二甲酯处理5 h时形态健康的幼苗仍有丛枝病植原体的存在,而其余浓度处理后存活的幼苗内则检测不到植原体;质量浓度大于150 mg/L的硫酸二甲酯处理3 h以上的幼苗全部死亡。此外,毛泡桐丛枝病幼苗、健康幼苗和DMS处理后形态健康幼苗DNA的SSR扩增位点相同。     

Latent Co-interests' Relationship Prediction

With the development of the social media and Internet, discovering latent information from massive information is becoming particularly relevant to improving user experience. Research efforts based on preferences and relationships between users have attracted more and more attention. Predictive problems, such as inferring friend relationship and co-author relationship between users have been explored. However, many such methods are based on analyzing either node features or the network structures separately, few have tried to tackle both of them at the same time. In this paper, in order to discover latent co-interests’ relationship, we not only consider users’ attributes but network information as well. In addition, we propose an Interest-based Factor Graph Model (I-FGM) to incorporate these factors. Experiments on two data sets (bookmarking and music network) demonstrate that this predictive method can achieve better results than the other three methods (ANN, NB, and SVM).